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Exploration of low-density polyethylene degrading Actinomycetes from dumping site

2024-02-29T06:11:29Z

Title: Exploration of low-density polyethylene degrading Actinomycetes from dumping site Authors: Sakariya, Uma T. Abstract: Low density polyethylene, a type of plastic, is frequently used as a material for packaging (LDPE). The ongoing accumulation of plastic in the environment harms the biosphere. It takes too long time for plastic to decompose naturally. The most environmentally acceptable solution to this persistent and expanding issue is the microbial degradation approach. The major objective of the current study is to identify and screen actinomycetes that degrade low density polyethylene. To eliminate plastic from the environment and stop the accumulation of plastic. A total 141 actinomycetes have been isolated from the soil at dumping site in Rajkot. 16 Actinomyces are obtained after these were screened by primary screening (solid medium and liquid medium) utilizing low density polyethylene powder. 8 of these isolates were assigned a high ability to degrade LDPE after further examination utilizing the clear zone method on these samples. The film degradation assay was used to determine the percentage of degradation, and the most promising isolate was located at dumping. Further SEM analysis confirmed the degradation of LDPE beads.

Study of Microbial Phosphate Solubilizers and their Potential Usage in Sustainable Agricultural Practices

2024-02-29T05:46:35Z

Title: Study of Microbial Phosphate Solubilizers and their Potential Usage in Sustainable Agricultural Practices Authors: Nandaniya, Jensi Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential macro elements which plays a vital role in the proper functioning of plants. So deficiency of P can diminish plant growth and development. Soil possesses total P in the form of organic and inorganic compounds, most of them remain inactive and thus unavailable to plants. Usage of synthetic Phosphate fertilizers show adverse effect and it is also expensive so many farmers cannot afford them. So there is a need to develop alternative techniques to provide P. Soil has the presence of several Phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSMs) which are beneficial microorganisms and have the capability of hydrolyzing organic and inorganic insoluble phosphorus compounds to soluble P form that can easily be assimilated by plants. . Under the present investigation identification, characterization, and optimization of the phosphate solubilizing activity of these microbes at different pH, temperature and salt concentrations was carried out. Isolation of PSMs have been carried out from the agricultural soil sample of Kankot, Rajkot. Collected soil sample undergone serial dilution followed by inoculation on Pikovskaya’s Agar (PVK) medium. Out of 7 isolates only 3 isolates showed significant zone of hydrolysis on Pikovskaya’s Agar (PVK) medium. Based on morphological and cultural characteristics, 3 isolates were tentatively identified A.niger, Penicillium sp. and Bacillus sp. Further extraction of phosphatase enzyme has been carried out and it’s activity had been determined qualitatively by zone of clearance which is measured as 5 cm for Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. and quantitatively by Spectro vanadomolybdate phosphoric yellow color method which was observed and measured as the highest value 83 μg/ml for Pseudomonas sp.. Partial purification of crude alkaline phosphatase enzyme has been carried out and followed by it enzyme assay was done by using Alkaline phosphatase assay. As result we found maximum enzyme activity is 3.410 of Pseudomonas sp., 1.829 of Aspergillus sp.), and 1.783 of Penicillium sp.. Enzyme optimization has been carried out at different pH, temperature, salt concentration ,and incubation periods. As result we found that alkaline phosphatase enzyme shows the maximum result at Pseudomonas sp. 9 pH, Penicillium sp. 10 pH and Aspergillus sp. 12 pH maximum effects for temperature was carried out for Pseudomonas sp as 5.147, Penicillium sp. as 4.341, and Aspergillus sp. as 5.519 ; the maximum effect of salt concentration for Pseudomonas sp. was calculated as 7.81, Penicillium sp as 7.03, and Aspergillus sp. as 7.8. The maximum effects of incubation period was observerd as Pseudomonas sp.4.05, Penicillium sp. 4.12, and Aspergillus sp.4.36. Further these optimized enzyme was used in the in-vitro pot assay experiment to check it’s efficiency in plant growth promotion. Purpose of this review is to understand the role of PSMs in crop production as biofertilizer.

Current Perspective Of Fungal Biocontrol Agent For The Management Of Fusarium Pathogen And Its Effects On Groundnut Plant

2024-02-29T05:40:46Z

Title: Current Perspective Of Fungal Biocontrol Agent For The Management Of Fusarium Pathogen And Its Effects On Groundnut Plant Authors: Makadiya, Saloni H. Abstract: Groundnut is the third largest oil seed producer in Gujarat. Having the many beneficial effects of Groundnut, it is not much exported to other countries for its loss of production and poor quality due to contamination by various soil-borne pathogens. Fusarium is a soil-borne fungal pathogen generally causing fungal diseases in groundnut plants. Thus, it is necessary to control the pathogenicity of Fusarium species in the Groundnut Plants. A present investigation has been carried out to inhibit the pathogenicity of Fusarium species from the Groundnut plant through a biocontrol agent. Nowadays the use of fertilizers and chemicals has increased due to which several other problems have come into existence. Thus, to overcome this problem, in the current study, we are mainly focusing on biocontrol agents against soil-borne pathogens. The soil sample was collected from different regions of Rajkot, Gujarat where groundnut production is large in amount. For further study followed by serial dilutions up to 10˘9 dilutions and direct inoculation on selective media for fungal isolation that are Dichloran Chloramphenicol Peptone Agar (DCPA) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) that was supplemented with streptomycin to avoid bacterial contamination, followed by incubation for 5 to 6 days at 28ᴼC. Based on morphological and cultural characteristics, 20 isolates were obtained, out of which 2 fungal isolates were tentatively identified as Fusarium species. Trichoderma species were isolated and identified from the soil sample collected from Rajkot, Gujarat. Antagonistic screening activity was performed against Trichoderma species as it is known as the potent biocontrol agent against various pathogenic fungi. As a result, it was determined that Trichoderma was able to inhibit the growth of Fusarium species. Pathogenicity test was employed to identify the effects of pathogens on the number of leaves, root length, shoot length, and chlorophyll content for the Groundnut Plants. Statistical analysis through the standard deviation SD was carried out to check the potential of biocontrol agent over pathogen on Groundnut Plants. Results conclude that the potential of Trichoderma species as a biocontrol agent to manage several diseases caused by phytopathogenic soil-borne fungal pathogens and hence can serve as a good potent biocontrol source for the agricultural industry.

Exploration of cellulose-degrading actinomycetes and immobilization

2024-02-29T05:32:20Z

Title: Exploration of cellulose-degrading actinomycetes and immobilization Authors: Bhuva, Shraddha Abstract: Cellulose is the most prevalent organic polysaccharide, produced by agricultural activity, paper and pulp industries, and textile industries. Actinomycetes are able to release enzymes that can break down organic material, such as cellulose. The aim of this study was to isolate actinomycetes from soil of Rajkot, Gujarat, India, and screen their cellulase enzyme activity and immobilization of enzyme by sodium alginate. A total of 148 isolates of actinomycetes have been isolated using starch casein agar (SCA).The abilities of actinomycetes to degrade cellulose were observed by clear zone on CMC (carboxymethylcellulose ) agar medium and Cellulase assay. out of 148 isolates, 132 gave clear zone in CMC agar. 97 isolates gave < 15mm size zone, and 29 isolates gave 15 < 20 mm diameter zone. Among all 6 isolates gave the highest zone of degradation above the range of 30mm. The cellulase enzyme was immobilized by the encapsulated method with sodium alginate for more enzyme stability against unfavorable condition and to check enzyme activity at different temperatures, pH, time and concentration of NaCl. After cellulase assay and optimization studies, that enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and dialysis. After gel filtration by SDS-PAGE molecular weight of cellulase founded. By 16s rRNA sequencing SA31 was identified by streptomyces spp.