Phytochemical Analysis, in vitro Anti-coagulant Activity of Different Solvent Fractions of Citrus medica Fruit Extract

Abstract

Background: Blood coagulation is an essential and tightly regulated process that swiftly forms clots. However, disruptions in blood coagulation are often observed in various disease conditions. This study focused on exploring the impact of partitioned solvent fractions of methanolic extract of citrus medica fruit anticoagulant using in vitro methods, seeking new therapeutic purposes for this plant. Dried and powdered fruit of citrus medica were extracted with 70% methanol, and the concentrated dried crude extract was subsequently subjected to liquid partitioning with petroleum ether, benzene, ethyl acetate, and butanol. Varying concentrations (2.5–10 mg/mL) of the fractions were tested in vitro on blood coagulation profile; clotting time (CT), prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and antioxidant potential. GCMS analysis of highest anticoagulant fraction was carried out. Result: All fractions of citrus medica significantly (P<0.05) prolonged the clotting time, prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times. The highest prolongation effect was recorded with the butanol fraction at concentration of 7.5 mg/mL. From GCMS analysis data, fifteen compound present in butanol fraction to exhibit antioxidant and anticoagulant activity. Conclusion: The study's findings highlight the potential of antioxidant and anticoagulant activity of citrus medica specifically its butanol fraction, as a promising and untapped source of bioactive molecules with therapeutic applications. It can be explored further for the development of new therapeutics targeting various health conditions. This discovery opens up exciting possibilities for harnessing the plant's bioactive molecules in the pursuit of novel therapeutic interventions.